Lab: Installing Operating System

Operating system is a program that is used to operate your computers most important programs. The operating system is consider the backbone of the computer. It manages both the software and hardware resources. All computers have a operating system installed on it. Some of the most common operating systems are: Microsoft, Apple and Unix but there are a lot of other ones out there for specific applications. There are different types of operating systems available which are : single-user single-task, real-time, single-user multiple-task, and multi-users. You normally interact with operating systems through different types of commands.

Installing Operating System:

When it comes to installing an operating system there are some Prerequisites you must take before you can install it properly. The first step is "Determining hardware compatibility & min requirements" you can find all this information out by reading the box of the operating system that you bought and also referring the books that come with your computers. The second step is "Determine installation options" make sure you know what you are install and how to install it. The fourth step is "Determine installation method" this is just like the options you need to know what you are about to download and make sure you are going through the proper methods. The last step is "Preparing the computer for installation" this is the step you take to make sure you have all the create components and computer is connected correctly. After you established these prerequisites you are ready to install your operating systems.

Installation steps:

1.) The first step in installing is Partitioning which is the process of assigning parts to all of the hard drive.

2.)The second step in installing is File system which is where you change the File system from FAT32(OLD) to the NTFS(New) in the BIOS.

3.)The third step in installing is Formatting which is the process of preparing the portion to store data in a particular fashion.

4.) The fourth step in installing is Load system files which is loading all the appropriate files from the disk to the systems.

5.) The fifth step in installing is Checking Device Managers which is making sure that all the proper devices are installed on the computer.

6.) The sixth step in installing is Load Software which is loading information to your system.

After completing all these steps you will have successfully loaded your operating system. And you will now be able to use your computer.

Networking

Networking is the connection of multiple computers on a network sharing resources. There are different types of networks that can be set up but two of the most common ones are LAN(Local Area Network0 and WAN(Wide Area Network). The LAN is normal a connection of computers in a single office or home. The WAN is a connection of computers outside of the local area, this connection is global. WAN are normally only seen in large corporations because the have offices all around the world. The LAN like I said before are normally seen in homes networks. There are different topology's for LAN connection you have the Star, Bus, RING, and MESH just to name a few. The four basic topology's that are presented to everyone is STAR, RING, BUS, TREE.

Network Topology:

STAR: The star topology works by connect each network host to a centralize hub. This topology is the easy to design and implement. One problem with this design is if the hub fails everything will fail on the network.

RING: The ring topology is used by connecting each computer in a close loop or ring. Each machine in this network has its own address this is how they are identified. The information is passed through machine to machine to reach its destination. this network uses a token scheme which only allows one machine to transmit on the network at one time. The failure with this machine is that if one fails all will fail.

BUS: The BUS topology is connected by a backbone where each machine is connected to it. This connection is not used any more. If one of the connections fail then the whole thing is not going to work.

TREE: The TREE topology is connected to one or more computer on a lower level with a point-to-point link. The tree topology is a bigger star topology.

Optimizing Windows

Optimizing your computer helps improve it performance. If you want your computer to perform at it best potential you need to optimize. There are several different ways to optimize your computer and they are: Manage Virtual Memory and Disk Fragmentation .

Managing Virtual Memory:

- Virtual memory is a great way to utilize the more you cant see. Managing your virtual memory you are moving and swapping files from your hard drive and physical memory.

Disk Fragmentation:

- When data is stored in the hard drive it is not all placed together it is stored wherever there is some open space on the hard drive. Disk Fragment consolidates all of those files to give you more memory space. This increase the performance of your hard drive because it is now able to locate the information much fast. You need to delete any temporary files that exist in your system in the C:\ files.

Laser Printers

A laser printer produce a high quality document weather it is pictures are just your regular text document and then it presses it on the paper. Laser printers are receiving there printing jobs one page at a time instead of one line at a time like the bubble and laser jet printers. This printer can yield more prints then the other printers it can print around 3,000 - 3,600 pages. There is a process that the laser printer must go through to prepare itself for printing. It is a six step process which is: Cleaning, Charging, Writing, Developing, Transferring, and Fusing.

The EP Print Process:

1.) Cleaning- It cleans the drum by scraping any excess toner off of it. This cleaning process keeps the drum clean for another use. This step is very important because if it doesn't clean the image from the previous document will appear on your current document.

2.) Charging- This process prepares the drum for the image and the text. This step send high voltage charge to the corona wires.

3.) Writing- In this step it writes the image to the drum. The image is not permanently attached to the drum at this point.

4.) Developing- It mixes the developer and toner together to prepare it for printing. It transfers the image to the drum.

5.) Transferring- The corna wire is charged and the image is taking off of the drum and transferred to the paper.

6.) Fusing- It presses and heats the image on to the paper to give you your finished product.